Table 5. Cyanogenic glycosides and other likely defensive chemicals found in Passiflora at La Selva
Passiflora subgeneric grouping
Astrophea/Tryphostemmatoides/Decaloba
Passiflora
Passiflora species †
PIT
LOB
COR
AUR
BI
 ARB
COS
VIT
AMB
QUA
MEN
OER
 

‡Cyanide release (0, Low, Medium, High, Very High)
VH
no
enzyme?
L
L
M
 VH
VH
no
enzyme?
H
H
VH
no
enzyme?
Sulfated Cyclopentenyl § +   +         + + +   +

Tetraphyllin B sulfate + Epitetraphyllin B sulfate

 X               ? X    

Passicoccin + Epipassiccin

               stems?        

Passilaurifolin

                 ?      
Complex Cyclopentenyl +   +   +              

Passibiflorin + Epipassibiflorin

 X       X

?

            

Passicoriacin + Epipassicoriacin

     X                  

Passicapsin

             ?          
Simple Cyclopentenyl +   + +               +

Gynocardin

                       X

Volkenin

 X   X X                

Epivolkenin

     X X                

Taraktophyllin

 X     X                
Complex Cyanohydrin                        

Passiquadrangularin

                   X    
Aliphatic   + +               +  

Linamarin

   ? X               X  

Lotaustralin

   ? X               X  
Aromatic                        

Prunasin

                        
Other chemicals                        

Tannins

 X             X   ?    

Harmane alkaloids

 X X X X ? ?   X X ? X ?

†Passiflora species abbreviations: VIT=vitifolia; AMB=ambigua;QUA=quadrangularis; MEN=menispermifolia; OER=oerstedii; PIT=pittieri; LOB=lobata; COR=megacoriacea; AUR=auriculata; BI=biflora: ARB=arbelaezii; COS=costaricensis. BOLD = Passiflora species hosting specialist herbivores. ‡HCNrelease data is based on a survey of over 1000 samples of Passiflora species. §Cyanogenic glycoside analysis and identification from Spencer 1988 and Engler and Gilbert 2006; "+" = cyanogen categories listed in Engler and Gilbert 2006. ¶other chemicals surveyed in Smiley and Wisdom 1985.